diff --git a/assets/TenancyServiceProvider.stub.php b/assets/TenancyServiceProvider.stub.php
index 5964514e..006cb190 100644
--- a/assets/TenancyServiceProvider.stub.php
+++ b/assets/TenancyServiceProvider.stub.php
@@ -193,12 +193,11 @@ class TenancyServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
          *    return RouteFacade::get('/livewire/livewire.js', $handle)->middleware(['universal']);
          * });
          */
-
         if (InitializeTenancyByRequestData::inGlobalStack()) {
             TenancyUrlGenerator::$prefixRouteNames = false;
         }
 
-        if (InitializeTenancyByPath::inGlobalStack()) {
+        if (tenancy()->globalStackHasMiddleware(config('tenancy.identification.path_identification_middleware'))) {
             TenancyUrlGenerator::$prefixRouteNames = true;
 
             /** @var CloneRoutesAsTenant $cloneRoutes */
diff --git a/assets/config.php b/assets/config.php
index 4547bed6..c146b61a 100644
--- a/assets/config.php
+++ b/assets/config.php
@@ -87,7 +87,17 @@ return [
             Middleware\InitializeTenancyByDomainOrSubdomain::class,
         ],
 
-        // todo@lukas docblock
+        /**
+         * Identification middleware tenancy recognizes as path identification middleware.
+         *
+         * This is used during determining whether whether a path identification is used
+         * during operations specific to path identification, e.g. forgetting the tenant parameter in ForgetTenantParameter.
+         *
+         * If you're using a custom path identification middleware, add it here.
+         *
+         * @see \Stancl\Tenancy\Actions\CloneRoutesAsTenant
+         * @see \Stancl\Tenancy\Listeners\ForgetTenantParameter
+         */
         'path_identification_middleware' => [
             Middleware\InitializeTenancyByPath::class,
         ],
diff --git a/assets/routes.php b/assets/routes.php
index d616b665..22fc2b38 100644
--- a/assets/routes.php
+++ b/assets/routes.php
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 declare(strict_types=1);
 
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
-use Stancl\Tenancy\PathIdentificationManager;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Controllers\TenantAssetController;
+use Stancl\Tenancy\Resolvers\PathTenantResolver;
 
 Route::get('/tenancy/assets/{path?}', TenantAssetController::class)
     ->where('path', '(.*)')
     ->name('stancl.tenancy.asset');
 
-Route::prefix('/{' . PathIdentificationManager::getTenantParameterName() . '}/')->get('/tenancy/assets/{path?}', TenantAssetController::class)
+Route::prefix('/{' . PathTenantResolver::tenantParameterName() . '}/')->get('/tenancy/assets/{path?}', TenantAssetController::class)
     ->where('path', '(.*)')
     ->middleware('tenant')
-    ->name(PathIdentificationManager::getTenantRouteNamePrefix() . 'stancl.tenancy.asset');
+    ->name(PathTenantResolver::tenantRouteNamePrefix() . 'stancl.tenancy.asset');
diff --git a/src/Actions/CloneRoutesAsTenant.php b/src/Actions/CloneRoutesAsTenant.php
index 08cb3966..10069e19 100644
--- a/src/Actions/CloneRoutesAsTenant.php
+++ b/src/Actions/CloneRoutesAsTenant.php
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use Illuminate\Routing\Router;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Enums\RouteMode;
-use Stancl\Tenancy\PathIdentificationManager;
+use Stancl\Tenancy\Resolvers\PathTenantResolver;
 
 /**
  * The CloneRoutesAsTenant action clones
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class CloneRoutesAsTenant
 
     protected function getRoutesToClone(): Collection
     {
-        $tenantParameterName = PathIdentificationManager::getTenantParameterName();
+        $tenantParameterName = PathTenantResolver::tenantParameterName();
 
         /**
          * Clone all routes that:
@@ -95,9 +95,10 @@ class CloneRoutesAsTenant
                 return false;
             }
 
-            $routeHasPathIdentificationMiddleware = PathIdentificationManager::pathIdentificationOnRoute($route);
-            $pathIdentificationMiddlewareInGlobalStack = PathIdentificationManager::pathIdentificationInGlobalStack();
+            $pathIdentificationMiddleware = config('tenancy.identification.path_identification_middleware');
+            $routeHasPathIdentificationMiddleware = tenancy()->routeHasMiddleware($route, $pathIdentificationMiddleware);
             $routeHasNonPathIdentificationMiddleware = tenancy()->routeHasIdentificationMiddleware($route) && ! $routeHasPathIdentificationMiddleware;
+            $pathIdentificationMiddlewareInGlobalStack = tenancy()->globalStackHasMiddleware($pathIdentificationMiddleware);
 
             /**
              * The route should get cloned if:
@@ -163,7 +164,7 @@ class CloneRoutesAsTenant
                 ->filter(fn (string $middleware) => ! in_array($middleware, ['universal', 'clone']))
                 ->toArray();
 
-            $tenantRouteNamePrefix = PathIdentificationManager::getTenantRouteNamePrefix();
+            $tenantRouteNamePrefix = PathTenantResolver::tenantRouteNamePrefix();
 
             // Make sure the route name has the tenant route name prefix
             $newRouteNamePrefix = $route->getName()
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ class CloneRoutesAsTenant
             return $action
                 ->put('as', $newRouteNamePrefix)
                 ->put('middleware', $newRouteMiddleware)
-                ->put('prefix', '/{' . PathIdentificationManager::getTenantParameterName() . '}/' . $route->getPrefix());
+                ->put('prefix', '/{' . PathTenantResolver::tenantParameterName() . '}/' . $route->getPrefix());
         })->toArray();
 
         /** @var Route $newRoute */
diff --git a/src/Concerns/DealsWithRouteContexts.php b/src/Concerns/DealsWithRouteContexts.php
index 75b56fbe..4e89b21f 100644
--- a/src/Concerns/DealsWithRouteContexts.php
+++ b/src/Concerns/DealsWithRouteContexts.php
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route as RouteFacade;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Enums\RouteMode;
 
+/**
+ * @mixin \Stancl\Tenancy\Tenancy
+ */
 trait DealsWithRouteContexts
 {
     /**
@@ -107,46 +110,14 @@ trait DealsWithRouteContexts
     }
 
     /**
-     * Check if the passed route has the passed middleware
-     * three layers deep – explained in the annotation of getRouteMiddleware().
+     * Checks whether any of the passed middleware are present in the route's middleware stack.
      */
-    public static function routeHasMiddleware(Route $route, string $middleware): bool
+    public static function routeHasMiddleware(Route $route, string|array $middlewares): bool
     {
-        return in_array($middleware, static::getRouteMiddleware($route));
-    }
+        $routeMiddleware = static::getRouteMiddleware($route);
 
-    public function routeIdentificationMiddleware(Route $route): string|null
-    {
-        foreach (static::getRouteMiddleware($route) as $routeMiddleware) {
-            if (in_array($routeMiddleware, static::middleware())) {
-                return $routeMiddleware;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    public static function kernelIdentificationMiddleware(): string|null
-    {
-        /** @var Kernel $kernel */
-        $kernel = app(Kernel::class);
-
-        foreach (static::middleware() as $identificationMiddleware) {
-            if ($kernel->hasMiddleware($identificationMiddleware)) {
-                return $identificationMiddleware;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Check if a route has identification middleware.
-     */
-    public static function routeHasIdentificationMiddleware(Route $route): bool
-    {
-        foreach (static::getRouteMiddleware($route) as $middleware) {
-            if (in_array($middleware, static::middleware())) {
+        foreach (Arr::wrap($middlewares) as $middleware) {
+            if (in_array($middleware, $routeMiddleware)) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
@@ -155,22 +126,34 @@ trait DealsWithRouteContexts
     }
 
     /**
-     * Check if route uses kernel identification (identification middleare is in the global stack and the route doesn't have route-level identification middleware).
+     * Check if a route has identification middleware.
      */
-    public static function routeUsesKernelIdentification(Route $route): bool
+    public static function routeHasIdentificationMiddleware(Route $route): bool
     {
-        return ! static::routeHasIdentificationMiddleware($route) && static::kernelIdentificationMiddleware();
+        return static::routeHasMiddleware($route, static::middleware());
     }
 
     /**
-     * Check if a route uses domain identification.
+     * Check if route uses kernel identification (identification middleware is in the global stack and the route doesn't have route-level identification middleware).
      */
-    public static function routeHasDomainIdentificationMiddleware(Route $route): bool
+    public static function routeUsesKernelIdentification(Route $route): bool
     {
-        $routeMiddleware = static::getRouteMiddleware($route);
+        return ! static::routeHasIdentificationMiddleware($route) &&
+            tenancy()->globalStackHasMiddleware(static::middleware());
+    }
 
-        foreach (config('tenancy.identification.domain_identification_middleware') as $middleware) {
-            if (in_array($middleware, $routeMiddleware)) {
+    /**
+     * Checks whether any of the passed middleware are present in the global middleware stack.
+     *
+     * @param class-string|array $identificationMiddleware
+     */
+    public static function globalStackHasMiddleware(string|array $identificationMiddleware = []): bool
+    {
+        /** @var Kernel $kernel */
+        $kernel = app(Kernel::class);
+
+        foreach (Arr::wrap($identificationMiddleware) as $middleware) {
+            if ($kernel->hasMiddleware($middleware)) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/Concerns/UsableWithEarlyIdentification.php b/src/Concerns/UsableWithEarlyIdentification.php
index 4b3cc8a2..2e2b01e7 100644
--- a/src/Concerns/UsableWithEarlyIdentification.php
+++ b/src/Concerns/UsableWithEarlyIdentification.php
@@ -4,12 +4,10 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Stancl\Tenancy\Concerns;
 
-use Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Routing\Route;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Enums\Context;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Enums\RouteMode;
-use Stancl\Tenancy\Exceptions\MiddlewareNotUsableWithUniversalRoutesException;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Middleware\IdentificationMiddleware;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Middleware\PreventAccessFromUnwantedDomains;
 
@@ -27,6 +25,19 @@ use Stancl\Tenancy\Middleware\PreventAccessFromUnwantedDomains;
  */
 trait UsableWithEarlyIdentification
 {
+    /**
+     * Determine if the tenant is present in the incoming request.
+     *
+     * Because universal routes can be in any context (central/tenant),
+     * we use this to determine the context. We can't just check for
+     * the route's middleware to determine the route's context.
+     *
+     * For example, route '/foo' has the 'universal' and InitializeTenancyByRequestData middleware.
+     * When visiting the route, we should determine the context by the presence of the tenant payload.
+     * The context is tenant if the tenant parameter is present (e.g. '?tenant=foo'), otherwise the context is central.
+     */
+    abstract public function requestHasTenant(Request $request): bool;
+
     /**
      * Skip middleware if the route is universal and uses path identification or if the route is universal and the context should be central.
      * Universal routes using path identification should get cloned using CloneRoutesAsTenant.
@@ -36,9 +47,6 @@ trait UsableWithEarlyIdentification
     protected function shouldBeSkipped(Route $route): bool
     {
         if (tenancy()->routeIsUniversal($route) && $this instanceof IdentificationMiddleware) {
-            /** @phpstan-ignore-next-line */
-            throw_unless($this instanceof UsableWithUniversalRoutes, MiddlewareNotUsableWithUniversalRoutesException::class);
-
             return $this->determineUniversalRouteContextFromRequest(request()) === Context::CENTRAL;
         }
 
@@ -51,10 +59,11 @@ trait UsableWithEarlyIdentification
         // Now that we're sure the MW isn't used in the global MW stack, we determine whether to skip it
         if ($this instanceof PreventAccessFromUnwantedDomains) {
             // Skip access prevention if the route directly uses a non-domain identification middleware
-            return tenancy()->routeHasIdentificationMiddleware($route) && ! tenancy()->routeHasDomainIdentificationMiddleware($route);
+            return tenancy()->routeHasIdentificationMiddleware($route) &&
+                ! tenancy()->routeHasMiddleware($route, config('tenancy.identification.domain_identification_middleware'));
         }
 
-        return $this->shouldIdentificationMiddlewareBeSkipped($route);
+        return $this->shouldSkipIdentificationMiddleware($route);
     }
 
     protected function determineUniversalRouteContextFromRequest(Request $request): Context
@@ -66,7 +75,6 @@ trait UsableWithEarlyIdentification
         $globalIdentificationUsed = ! tenancy()->routeHasIdentificationMiddleware($route) && static::inGlobalStack();
         $routeLevelIdentificationUsed = tenancy()->routeHasMiddleware($route, static::class);
 
-        /** @var UsableWithUniversalRoutes $this */
         if (($globalIdentificationUsed || $routeLevelIdentificationUsed) && $this->requestHasTenant($request)) {
             return Context::TENANT;
         }
@@ -74,9 +82,9 @@ trait UsableWithEarlyIdentification
         return Context::CENTRAL;
     }
 
-    protected function shouldIdentificationMiddlewareBeSkipped(Route $route): bool
+    protected function shouldSkipIdentificationMiddleware(Route $route): bool
     {
-        if (! static::inGlobalStack()) {
+        if (! tenancy()->globalStackHasMiddleware(static::class)) {
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -109,6 +117,6 @@ trait UsableWithEarlyIdentification
 
     public static function inGlobalStack(): bool
     {
-        return app(Kernel::class)->hasMiddleware(static::class);
+        return tenancy()->globalStackHasMiddleware(static::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Concerns/UsableWithUniversalRoutes.php b/src/Concerns/UsableWithUniversalRoutes.php
deleted file mode 100644
index fca6ca1b..00000000
--- a/src/Concerns/UsableWithUniversalRoutes.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace Stancl\Tenancy\Concerns;
-
-use Illuminate\Http\Request;
-
-/**
- * Identification middleware has to implement this in order to make universal routes work with it,.
- */
-interface UsableWithUniversalRoutes
-{
-    /**
-     * Determine if the tenant is present in the incoming request.
-     *
-     * Because universal routes can be in any context (central/tenant),
-     * we use this to determine the context. We can't just check for
-     * the route's middleware to determine the route's context.
-     *
-     * For example, route '/foo' has the 'universal' and InitializeTenancyByRequestData middleware.
-     * When visiting the route, we should determine the context by the presence of the tenant payload.
-     * The context is tenant if the tenant parameter is present (e.g. '?tenant=foo'), otherwise the context is central.
-     */
-    public function requestHasTenant(Request $request): bool;
-}
diff --git a/src/Exceptions/MiddlewareNotUsableWithUniversalRoutesException.php b/src/Exceptions/MiddlewareNotUsableWithUniversalRoutesException.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 10643caa..00000000
--- a/src/Exceptions/MiddlewareNotUsableWithUniversalRoutesException.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace Stancl\Tenancy\Exceptions;
-
-use Exception;
-
-class MiddlewareNotUsableWithUniversalRoutesException extends Exception
-{
-    public function __construct(string $message = '')
-    {
-        parent::__construct($message ?: 'Universal routes are usable only with identification middleware that implements UsableWithUniversalRoutes.');
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Listeners/ForgetTenantParameter.php b/src/Listeners/ForgetTenantParameter.php
index 72e36180..424b1440 100644
--- a/src/Listeners/ForgetTenantParameter.php
+++ b/src/Listeners/ForgetTenantParameter.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace Stancl\Tenancy\Listeners;
 
 use Illuminate\Routing\Events\RouteMatched;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Enums\RouteMode;
-use Stancl\Tenancy\PathIdentificationManager;
+use Stancl\Tenancy\Resolvers\PathTenantResolver;
 
 /**
  * Remove the tenant parameter from the matched route when path identification is used globally.
@@ -26,12 +26,13 @@ class ForgetTenantParameter
 {
     public function handle(RouteMatched $event): void
     {
-        $kernelPathIdentificationUsed = PathIdentificationManager::pathIdentificationInGlobalStack() && ! tenancy()->routeHasIdentificationMiddleware($event->route);
+        $pathIdentificationInGlobalStack = tenancy()->globalStackHasMiddleware(config('tenancy.identification.path_identification_middleware'));
+        $kernelPathIdentificationUsed = $pathIdentificationInGlobalStack && ! tenancy()->routeHasIdentificationMiddleware($event->route);
         $routeMode = tenancy()->getRouteMode($event->route);
-        $routeModeIsTenantOrUniversal = $routeMode === RouteMode::TENANT || ($routeMode === RouteMode::UNIVERSAL && $event->route->hasParameter(PathIdentificationManager::getTenantParameterName()));
+        $routeModeIsTenantOrUniversal = $routeMode === RouteMode::TENANT || ($routeMode === RouteMode::UNIVERSAL && $event->route->hasParameter(PathTenantResolver::tenantParameterName()));
 
         if ($kernelPathIdentificationUsed && $routeModeIsTenantOrUniversal) {
-            $event->route->forgetParameter(PathIdentificationManager::getTenantParameterName());
+            $event->route->forgetParameter(PathTenantResolver::tenantParameterName());
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Middleware/InitializeTenancyByDomain.php b/src/Middleware/InitializeTenancyByDomain.php
index 4b6f2195..b9e049a4 100644
--- a/src/Middleware/InitializeTenancyByDomain.php
+++ b/src/Middleware/InitializeTenancyByDomain.php
@@ -7,11 +7,10 @@ namespace Stancl\Tenancy\Middleware;
 use Closure;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Concerns\UsableWithEarlyIdentification;
-use Stancl\Tenancy\Concerns\UsableWithUniversalRoutes;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Resolvers\DomainTenantResolver;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Tenancy;
 
-class InitializeTenancyByDomain extends IdentificationMiddleware implements UsableWithUniversalRoutes
+class InitializeTenancyByDomain extends IdentificationMiddleware
 {
     use UsableWithEarlyIdentification;
 
diff --git a/src/Middleware/InitializeTenancyByPath.php b/src/Middleware/InitializeTenancyByPath.php
index c7772eff..bcf27dd2 100644
--- a/src/Middleware/InitializeTenancyByPath.php
+++ b/src/Middleware/InitializeTenancyByPath.php
@@ -7,16 +7,14 @@ namespace Stancl\Tenancy\Middleware;
 use Closure;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Concerns\UsableWithEarlyIdentification;
-use Stancl\Tenancy\Concerns\UsableWithUniversalRoutes;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Exceptions\RouteIsMissingTenantParameterException;
-use Stancl\Tenancy\PathIdentificationManager;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Resolvers\PathTenantResolver;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Tenancy;
 
 /**
  * @see Stancl\Tenancy\Listeners\ForgetTenantParameter
  */
-class InitializeTenancyByPath extends IdentificationMiddleware implements UsableWithUniversalRoutes
+class InitializeTenancyByPath extends IdentificationMiddleware
 {
     use UsableWithEarlyIdentification;
 
@@ -55,6 +53,6 @@ class InitializeTenancyByPath extends IdentificationMiddleware implements Usable
      */
     public function requestHasTenant(Request $request): bool
     {
-        return tenancy()->getRoute($request)->hasParameter(PathIdentificationManager::getTenantParameterName());
+        return tenancy()->getRoute($request)->hasParameter(PathTenantResolver::tenantParameterName());
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Middleware/InitializeTenancyByRequestData.php b/src/Middleware/InitializeTenancyByRequestData.php
index 09524b44..f36cadfd 100644
--- a/src/Middleware/InitializeTenancyByRequestData.php
+++ b/src/Middleware/InitializeTenancyByRequestData.php
@@ -7,13 +7,12 @@ namespace Stancl\Tenancy\Middleware;
 use Closure;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Concerns\UsableWithEarlyIdentification;
-use Stancl\Tenancy\Concerns\UsableWithUniversalRoutes;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Exceptions\TenantCouldNotBeIdentifiedByRequestDataException;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Overrides\TenancyUrlGenerator;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Resolvers\RequestDataTenantResolver;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Tenancy;
 
-class InitializeTenancyByRequestData extends IdentificationMiddleware implements UsableWithUniversalRoutes
+class InitializeTenancyByRequestData extends IdentificationMiddleware
 {
     use UsableWithEarlyIdentification;
 
diff --git a/src/Middleware/PreventAccessFromUnwantedDomains.php b/src/Middleware/PreventAccessFromUnwantedDomains.php
index a54bfba7..05e0dbaa 100644
--- a/src/Middleware/PreventAccessFromUnwantedDomains.php
+++ b/src/Middleware/PreventAccessFromUnwantedDomains.php
@@ -67,4 +67,10 @@ class PreventAccessFromUnwantedDomains
     {
         return in_array($request->getHost(), config('tenancy.identification.central_domains'), true);
     }
+
+    // todo@samuel
+    public function requestHasTenant(Request $request): bool
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Overrides/TenancyUrlGenerator.php b/src/Overrides/TenancyUrlGenerator.php
index bc3a1d24..af307021 100644
--- a/src/Overrides/TenancyUrlGenerator.php
+++ b/src/Overrides/TenancyUrlGenerator.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace Stancl\Tenancy\Overrides;
 
 use Illuminate\Routing\UrlGenerator;
 use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
-use Stancl\Tenancy\PathIdentificationManager;
+use Stancl\Tenancy\Resolvers\PathTenantResolver;
 
 /**
  * This class is used in place of the default UrlGenerator when UrlGeneratorBootstrapper is enabled.
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class TenancyUrlGenerator extends UrlGenerator
      */
     protected function prefixRouteName(string $name): string
     {
-        $tenantPrefix = PathIdentificationManager::getTenantRouteNamePrefix();
+        $tenantPrefix = PathTenantResolver::tenantRouteNamePrefix();
 
         if (static::$prefixRouteNames && ! str($name)->startsWith($tenantPrefix)) {
             $name = str($name)->after($tenantPrefix)->prepend($tenantPrefix)->toString();
@@ -118,6 +118,6 @@ class TenancyUrlGenerator extends UrlGenerator
      */
     protected function addTenantParameter(array $parameters): array
     {
-        return tenant() && static::$passTenantParameterToRoutes ? array_merge($parameters, [PathIdentificationManager::getTenantParameterName() => tenant()->getTenantKey()]) : $parameters;
+        return tenant() && static::$passTenantParameterToRoutes ? array_merge($parameters, [PathTenantResolver::tenantParameterName() => tenant()->getTenantKey()]) : $parameters;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/PathIdentificationManager.php b/src/PathIdentificationManager.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 37f7df69..00000000
--- a/src/PathIdentificationManager.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace Stancl\Tenancy;
-
-use Closure;
-use Illuminate\Routing\Route;
-use Stancl\Tenancy\Resolvers\PathTenantResolver;
-
-// todo a lot of duplicate logic with PathTenantResolver, ideally remove this class
-class PathIdentificationManager
-{
-    public static Closure|null $tenantParameterName = null;
-    public static Closure|null $tenantRouteNamePrefix = null;
-
-    /**
-     * Get the tenant parameter name using the static property.
-     * Default to PathTenantResolver::tenantParameterName().
-     */
-    public static function getTenantParameterName(): string
-    {
-        return static::$tenantParameterName ? (static::$tenantParameterName)() : PathTenantResolver::tenantParameterName();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the tenant route name prefix using the static property.
-     * Default to PathTenantResolver::tenantRouteNamePrefix().
-     */
-    public static function getTenantRouteNamePrefix(): string
-    {
-        return static::$tenantRouteNamePrefix ? (static::$tenantRouteNamePrefix)() : PathTenantResolver::tenantRouteNamePrefix();
-    }
-
-    public static function pathIdentificationOnRoute(Route $route): bool
-    {
-        return static::checkPathIdentificationMiddleware(fn ($middleware) => tenancy()->routeHasMiddleware($route, $middleware));
-    }
-
-    public static function pathIdentificationInGlobalStack(): bool
-    {
-        return static::checkPathIdentificationMiddleware(fn ($middleware) => $middleware::inGlobalStack());
-    }
-
-    protected static function checkPathIdentificationMiddleware(Closure $closure): bool
-    {
-        foreach (static::getPathIdentificationMiddleware() as $middleware) {
-            if ($closure($middleware)) {
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    protected static function getPathIdentificationMiddleware(): array
-    {
-        return config('tenancy.identification.path_identification_middleware');
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Resolvers/DomainTenantResolver.php b/src/Resolvers/DomainTenantResolver.php
index 61920b14..34fd4c4f 100644
--- a/src/Resolvers/DomainTenantResolver.php
+++ b/src/Resolvers/DomainTenantResolver.php
@@ -4,15 +4,14 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Stancl\Tenancy\Resolvers;
 
-use Stancl\Tenancy\Tenancy;
-use Stancl\Tenancy\Contracts\Domain;
-use Stancl\Tenancy\Contracts\Tenant;
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
-use Stancl\Tenancy\Contracts\SingleDomainTenant;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\Relation;
+use Stancl\Tenancy\Contracts\Domain;
+use Stancl\Tenancy\Contracts\SingleDomainTenant;
+use Stancl\Tenancy\Contracts\Tenant;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Exceptions\TenantCouldNotBeIdentifiedOnDomainException;
+use Stancl\Tenancy\Tenancy;
 
 class DomainTenantResolver extends Contracts\CachedTenantResolver
 {
diff --git a/tests/CachedTenantResolverTest.php b/tests/CachedTenantResolverTest.php
index c6197655..0ca9553f 100644
--- a/tests/CachedTenantResolverTest.php
+++ b/tests/CachedTenantResolverTest.php
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ function getResolverArgument(string $resolver, string $tenantKey): string|Route
         // Make the 'tenant' route parameter the tenant key
         // Setting the parameter on the $route->parameters property is required
         // Because $route->setParameter() throws an exception when $route->parameters is not set yet
-        $route->parameters[PathIdentificationManager::getTenantParameterName()] = $tenantKey;
+        $route->parameters[PathTenantResolver::tenantParameterName()] = $tenantKey;
 
         // Return the route instance with the tenant key as the 'tenant' parameter
         return $route;
diff --git a/tests/RouteMiddlewareTest.php b/tests/RouteMiddlewareTest.php
index 9d894dc5..ab0a46be 100644
--- a/tests/RouteMiddlewareTest.php
+++ b/tests/RouteMiddlewareTest.php
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ test('domain identification middleware is configurable', function() {
 
     config(['tenancy.identification.domain_identification_middleware' => []]);
 
-    expect(tenancy()->routeHasDomainIdentificationMiddleware($route))->toBeFalse();
+    expect(tenancy()->routeHasMiddleware($route, config('tenancy.identification.domain_identification_middleware')))->toBeFalse();
 
     // Set domain identification middleware list back to default
     config(['tenancy.identification.domain_identification_middleware' => [
@@ -83,5 +83,5 @@ test('domain identification middleware is configurable', function() {
         InitializeTenancyByDomainOrSubdomain::class,
     ]]);
 
-    expect(tenancy()->routeHasDomainIdentificationMiddleware($route))->toBeTrue();
+    expect(tenancy()->routeHasMiddleware($route, config('tenancy.identification.domain_identification_middleware')))->toBeTrue();
 });
diff --git a/tests/UniversalRouteTest.php b/tests/UniversalRouteTest.php
index 59df82b7..16c45a1e 100644
--- a/tests/UniversalRouteTest.php
+++ b/tests/UniversalRouteTest.php
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ use Stancl\Tenancy\Middleware\InitializeTenancyByRequestData;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Middleware\PreventAccessFromUnwantedDomains;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Middleware\InitializeTenancyByDomainOrSubdomain;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Exceptions\TenantCouldNotBeIdentifiedOnDomainException;
-use Stancl\Tenancy\Exceptions\MiddlewareNotUsableWithUniversalRoutesException;
 use Stancl\Tenancy\Exceptions\TenantCouldNotBeIdentifiedByRequestDataException;
 
 test('a route can be universal using domain identification', function (array $routeMiddleware, array $globalMiddleware) {
@@ -321,29 +320,6 @@ test('tenant resolver methods return the correct names for configured values', f
     ['tenant_route_name_prefix', 'prefix']
 ]);
 
-test('identification middleware works with universal routes only when it implements MiddlewareUsableWithUniversalRoutes', function () {
-    $tenantKey = Tenant::create()->getTenantKey();
-    $routeAction = fn () => tenancy()->initialized ? $tenantKey : 'Tenancy is not initialized.';
-
-    // Route with the package's request data identification middleware – implements MiddlewareUsableWithUniversalRoutes
-    RouteFacade::get('/universal-route', $routeAction)->middleware(['universal', InitializeTenancyByRequestData::class]);
-
-    // Routes with custom request data identification middleware – does not implement MiddlewareUsableWithUniversalRoutes
-    RouteFacade::get('/custom-mw-universal-route', $routeAction)->middleware(['universal', CustomMiddleware::class]);
-    RouteFacade::get('/custom-mw-tenant-route', $routeAction)->middleware(['tenant', CustomMiddleware::class]);
-
-    // Ensure the custom identification middleware works with non-universal routes
-    // This is tested here because this is the only test where the custom MW is used
-    // No exception is thrown for this request since the route uses the TENANT middleware, not the UNIVERSAL middleware
-    pest()->get('http://localhost/custom-mw-tenant-route?tenant=' . $tenantKey)->assertOk()->assertSee($tenantKey);
-
-    pest()->get('http://localhost/universal-route')->assertOk();
-    pest()->get('http://localhost/universal-route?tenant=' . $tenantKey)->assertOk()->assertSee($tenantKey);
-
-    pest()->expectException(MiddlewareNotUsableWithUniversalRoutesException::class);
-    $this->withoutExceptionHandling()->get('http://localhost/custom-mw-universal-route');
-});
-
 foreach ([
     'domain identification types' => [PreventAccessFromUnwantedDomains::class, InitializeTenancyByDomain::class],
     'subdomain identification types' => [PreventAccessFromUnwantedDomains::class, InitializeTenancyBySubdomain::class],
@@ -370,45 +346,6 @@ foreach ([
     ]);
 }
 
-class CustomMiddleware extends IdentificationMiddleware
-{
-    use UsableWithEarlyIdentification;
-
-    public static string $header = 'X-Tenant';
-    public static string $cookie = 'X-Tenant';
-    public static string $queryParameter = 'tenant';
-
-    public function __construct(
-        protected Tenancy $tenancy,
-        protected RequestDataTenantResolver $resolver,
-    ) {
-    }
-
-    /** @return \Illuminate\Http\Response|mixed */
-    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): mixed
-    {
-        if ($this->shouldBeSkipped(tenancy()->getRoute($request))) {
-            // Allow accessing central route in kernel identification
-            return $next($request);
-        }
-
-        return $this->initializeTenancy($request, $next, $this->getPayload($request));
-    }
-
-    protected function getPayload(Request $request): string|array|null
-    {
-        if (static::$header && $request->hasHeader(static::$header)) {
-            return $request->header(static::$header);
-        } elseif (static::$queryParameter && $request->has(static::$queryParameter)) {
-            return $request->get(static::$queryParameter);
-        } elseif (static::$cookie && $request->hasCookie(static::$cookie)) {
-            return $request->cookie(static::$cookie);
-        }
-
-        return null;
-    }
-}
-
 class Controller extends BaseController
 {
     public function __invoke()